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GHK-Cu
Also known as: Copper Peptide GHK, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine:copper(II)
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide studied for skin remodeling, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Quick Facts
- Sequence
- Gly-His-Lys
- Molecular Weight
- 403.88 Da
Overview
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) with a high affinity for copper(II) ions. First identified in human plasma, its concentration decreases significantly with age. It has been extensively studied for its roles in skin biology, wound healing, and tissue remodeling.
Unlike many research peptides, GHK-Cu has a more established history of use in cosmetic and dermatological products, giving it a somewhat broader data base of human exposure data, though primarily in topical applications.
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu acts through multiple mechanisms. It stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in skin fibroblasts. The copper ion facilitates various enzymatic processes. It modulates gene expression, affecting hundreds of genes related to tissue repair, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant defense. It also promotes angiogenesis and nerve outgrowth in preclinical models.
Biological Pathways
Research Findings
Topical GHK-Cu has been studied in several small human trials for skin rejuvenation and wound healing, showing improvements in skin elasticity, thickness, and wound closure rates. In vitro studies show stimulation of collagen production. Animal studies suggest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Gene expression studies show broad modulatory effects on tissue repair pathways.
Risks & Safety Concerns
Generally considered safe in topical formulations. Systemic administration has much less safety data. Potential concerns include copper toxicity at high doses, interactions with copper metabolism disorders (Wilson disease). Topical side effects may include skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Regulatory & Legal Status
GHK-Cu is available in cosmetic products and as a research peptide. It is not classified as a drug by most regulatory agencies when used in cosmetics. Not specifically regulated as a controlled substance.
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