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Semax
Also known as: ACTH(4-7)-PGP
A synthetic peptide derived from ACTH, studied for nootropic and neuroprotective properties, approved in Russia for cognitive disorders.
Quick Facts
- Sequence
- Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
- Molecular Weight
- 813.93 Da
Overview
Semax is a synthetic peptide analogue of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment 4-7, with an added Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal tripeptide for stability. Like Selank, it was developed in Russia and has been approved there for clinical use.
It is classified as a nootropic and neuroprotective agent, with research exploring its effects on cognitive function, stroke recovery, and optic nerve disease.
Mechanism of Action
Semax modulates BDNF and NGF expression, promotes neuronal survival, and affects monoamine neurotransmitter systems. It does not possess the corticotropic effects of full ACTH. It may influence gene expression related to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. Research suggests effects on the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems.
Biological Pathways
Research Findings
Russian clinical studies report benefits in cognitive disorders, stroke recovery, and optic nerve disease. Animal studies demonstrate neuroprotective effects and cognitive enhancement. Some Western studies have confirmed BDNF modulation. However, large-scale international RCTs meeting Western regulatory standards are lacking.
Risks & Safety Concerns
Reported as generally well-tolerated in Russian literature. Potential risks include headache and irritability at higher doses. Long-term safety data from international studies is limited. May interact with other neuroactive substances.
Regulatory & Legal Status
Approved in Russia for several neurological conditions. Not approved by FDA or EMA. Available as a research peptide in many jurisdictions.
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